Economic Article (The Differences Between Phrase and Sentence)

The Differences Between Phrase and Sentence 

Phrases

A phrase is a small group of words that forms a meaningful unit within a clause. There are several different types, as follows:

·         Noun phrase

A noun phrase is built around a single noun, for example:

      1.      A vase of roses stood on the table. 
      2.      She was reading a book about the emancipation of women.

·         Verb phrase

A verb phrase is the verbal part of a clause, for example:

1.  She had been living in London. 
2.   I will be going to college next year.

·         Adjective phrase

An adjective phrase is built around an adjective, for example:

1. He’s led a very interesting life.
2. A lot of the kids are really keen on football.

·         Adverbial phrase

An adverbial phrase is built round an adverb by adding words before and/or after it, for example:

1. The economy recovered very slowly. 
2. They wanted to leave the country as fast as possible.

·         Prepositional phrase

In a prepositional phrase the preposition always comes at the beginning, for example:

1. I longed to live near the sea.
2. The dog was hiding under the kitchen table.

Of course, we also use the word phrase to refer to a short group of words that have a particular meaning when they are used together, such as rain cats and dogs, play for time, or a square meal. This type of phrase is often referred to as an idiom.

Sentences

A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense, contains a main verb, and begins with a capital letter. Sentences are used:

• to make statements:

I took some money out of the bank.

The shop stays open until 9 p.m.

• to ask questions or make requests:

Can I help you?

Could you open the door?

• to give orders:

Stop arguing!

Come here at once!

• to express exclamations:

You’re driving too fast!

It’s so cold!

Sentence or not?

The examples in the section above all show well-formed sentences. None of the following examples are proper sentences:

‘Ham and eggs. And onions.’

Too much information!

‘Not at all, Joe.’

which Rob shook

if it ever became public

The first three are not sentences because they do not contain a verb: they would be acceptable in informal speaking and writing, because they are easy to understand, but it's not a good idea to use such constructions in formal situations.

The last two are not proper sentences because they do not contain a main verb or make sense on their own (they are in fact subordinate clauses). They need an additional clause so as to form a complete sentence and be understood.

Simple sentence

A simple sentence normally contains one statement (known as a main clause). For example:

The train should be here soon.

His father worked as a journalist.

Compound sentence

A compound sentence contains two or more clauses of equal status (or main clauses), which are normally joined by a conjunction such as and or but. For example: 

Joe became bored with teaching	and	he looked for a new career.
[main clause]	[conjunction]	[main clause]

Boxers can be very friendly dogs	but	they need to be trained.
[main clause]	[conjunction]	[main clause]

Complex sentence

A complex sentence is also made up of clauses, but in this case the clauses are not equally balanced. They contain a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. For example:

The story would make headlines	if it ever became public.
[main clause]	[subordinate clause]
He took up the project again	as soon as he felt well enough.
[main clause]	[subordinate clause]

      From the explanation above we can find 10 phrases and 10 sentences from an article called "Sugar breakthrough paves way for Indonesia - Australia deal" 

Phrase

1. According to a spokesman for Agriculture Minister Barnaby Joyce. 
2. Highly dependent on export 
3. Making it the world's third largest sugar exporter 
4. According to the us department of agriculture
5.  Seen as a key plank of US engagement in Asia. 
6. By the end of the year 
7. The prospects for the broader trade deal. 
8. Known as Jokowi. 
9. Is enthusiastic about ties and strengthening the prospects for pact. 
10. Attacked the world trade organization

Sentence

1. Minister Steve Ciobo hailed a recent deal to reduce sugar tariffs from 8 percent to 5 percent, bringing the country into line with rate of Southeast Asian Nation. 
2. Ciobo said Wednesday in an interview in Jakarta, referring to the Association of Southeast Asian Nation. 
3. Australia is pinning its hopes on sugar to revitalize export to Indonesia. 
4. Australia and Indonesia are accelerating efforts to reach an agreement on comprehensive economic partnership. 
5. He cited agricultural supply chain, education and tourism as sector on the agenda. 
6. The sugar deal was struck under the auspices of an existing deal between ASEAN, Australia and New Zealand.
7. The industry is relatively small, but highly dependent on export. 
8. Turnbull in Jakarta talked up the prospects for the broader trade deal. 
9. Ciobo will be in Chile this week for meeting of remaining TPP countries. 
10. The higher tariffs had seen sugar exports to Indonesia slump to 300,000 tons a year from 1.25 million tons before Indonesia cut the tariffs for Thailand in 2015

Reference : 

https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/phrases 
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/sentences