Active Voice, Passive Voice
There are two special forms for
verbs called voice:
- Active voice
- Passive voice
The active voice is the
"normal" voice. This is the voice that we use most of the time. You
are probably already familiar with the active voice. In the active voice, the object
receives the action of the verb:
active
|
subject
|
verb
|
object
|
>
|
|||
Cats
|
eat
|
fish.
|
|
The passive voice is less usual. In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb:
passive
|
subject
|
verb
|
object
|
<
|
|||
Fish
|
are eaten
|
by cats.
|
|
The object of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb:
subject
|
verb
|
object
|
|
active
|
Everybody
|
drinks
|
water.
|
passive
|
Water
|
is drunk
|
by everybody.
|
Passive Voice
The passive voice is less usual than the active voice. The active voice is the "normal" voice. But sometimes we need the passive voice. In this lesson we look at how to construct the passive voice, when to use it and how to conjugate it.Construction of the Passive Voice
The structure of the passive voice is very simple:subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle)
The main verb is always in its past participle form.
Look at these examples:
Subject
|
auxiliary verb (to be)
|
main verb (past participle)
|
||
Water
|
is
|
drunk
|
by everyone.
|
|
100 people
|
are
|
employed
|
by this company.
|
|
I
|
am
|
paid
|
in euro.
|
|
We
|
are
|
not
|
paid
|
in dollars.
|
Are
|
they
|
paid
|
in yen?
|
Use of the Passive Voice
We use the passive when:- we want to make the active object more important
- we do not know the active subject
subject
|
verb
|
object
|
|
give importance to active object (President Kennedy)
|
President Kennedy
|
was killed
|
by Lee Harvey Oswald.
|
active subject unknown
|
My wallet
|
has been stolen.
|
?
|
Look at this sentence:
- He was killed with a gun.
Normally we
use by to introduce the passive object. But the gun is not the active
subject. The gun did not kill him. He was killed by somebody with
a gun. In the active voice, it would be: Somebody killed him with a gun.
The gun is the instrument. Somebody is the "agent" or
"doer".
Conjugation for the Passive Voice
We can form the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form and the auxiliary verb is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugate the auxiliary verb. So, for example:- present simple: It is made
- present continuous: It is being made
- present perfect: It has been made
Infinitive
|
to be washed
|
|
Simple
|
present
|
It is washed.
|
past
|
It was washed.
|
|
future
|
It will be washed.
|
|
conditional
|
It would be washed.
|
|
Continuous
|
present
|
It is being washed.
|
past
|
It was being washed.
|
|
future
|
It will be being washed.
|
|
conditional
|
It would be being washed.
|
|
perfect simple
|
present
|
It has been washed.
|
past
|
It had been washed.
|
|
future
|
It will have been washed.
|
|
conditional
|
It would have been washed.
|
|
perfect continuous
|
present
|
It has been being washed.
|
past
|
It had been being washed.
|
|
future
|
It will have been being washed.
|
|
conditional
|
It would have been being washed.
|
|
Contoh
Active and Passive voice
Pola
active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
· Active : He meets them everyday.
· Passive : They are met by him everyday.
· Active : She waters this plant every two days.
· Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atauwere
Contoh:
· Active : He met them yesterday
· Passive : They were met by him yesterday
· Active : She watered this plant this morning
· Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
· Active : He has met them
· Passive : They have been met by him
· Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
· Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
· Active : He had met them before I came.
· Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
· Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
· Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
· Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
· Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
· Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
· Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
· Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
· Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
· Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
· Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
· Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
· Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
· Active : He would have met them.
· Passive : They would have been met by him.
· Active : She would have watered this plant.
· Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He is meeting them now.
· Passive : They are being met by him now.
· Active : She is watering this plant now.
· Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (wasatau were) + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He was meeting them.
· Passive : They were being met by him.
· Active : She was watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He has been meeting them.
· Passive : They have been being met by him.
· Active : She has been watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He had been meeting them.
· Passive : They had been being met by him.
· Active : She had been watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He will be meeting them.
· Passive : They will be being met by him.
· Active : She will be watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He would be meeting them.
· Passive : They would be being met by him.
· Active : She would be watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He will have been meeting them.
· Passive : They will have been being met by him.
· Active : She will have been watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He would be meeting them.
· Passive : They would be being met by him.
· Active : She would be watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Sumber : http://belajarbahasainggris-4me.blogspot.com/2013/11/passive-voice-dan-contoh-kalimatnya.html
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-voice.htm
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-voice_passive.htm
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar